Olympic National Park fisheries technician Josh Geffre looks down at the Elwha River as it passes through Glines Canyon on July 31. ​(Jesse Major/Peninsula Daily News)

Olympic National Park fisheries technician Josh Geffre looks down at the Elwha River as it passes through Glines Canyon on July 31. ​(Jesse Major/Peninsula Daily News)

Fish recolonizing areas upriver of former dam sites on Elwha River

OLYMPIC NATIONAL PARK — Josh Geffre has watched with awe as salmon return to the uppermost reaches of the Elwha River.

Geffre, a fisheries technician for Olympic National Park, started monitoring the fish for the park in 2014 and has marveled as he’s seen most species swim upstream of the former Glines Canyon Dam.

“It’s very satisfying to know the fish are recolonizing into areas upriver of the former dam sites,” he said during a recent trip to collect data on the fish. “It’s exciting to watch them.”

ADVERTISEMENT
0 seconds of 0 secondsVolume 0%
Press shift question mark to access a list of keyboard shortcuts
00:00
00:00
00:00
 

The National Park Service led a $325 million effort to restore the Elwha River to its natural state with the removal of the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams. The fish-blocking dams were gone by 2014.

Ahead of schedule

In some ways the fish restoration effort is ahead of schedule, Pat Crain, a biologist for the park, said Wednesday.

Crain said populations are about what they are expected to be, but fish have moved farther into the headwaters earlier than scientists predicted.

“In that way, we’re ahead of things,” he said. “We’ve seen fish farther up the river than we had thought. We didn’t have a feel for how quickly fish would move way up in the headwaters.”

Crain said the restoration effort has been thought of in four phases: protection, recolonization, local adaptation and full restoration. Each phase is expected to last two cycles, which are typically about four years.

The populations are what were expected in the protection phase, but fish are behaving like they are in the recolonization phase, he said.

Populations returning to the river over the next couple years will still have been affected by the dam removal, but Crain anticipates spikes in fish population to begin within the next few years.

“Fish that spawned last year, their offspring and eggs incubated in ideal conditions and went out to sea in ideal conditions,” Crain said. “My hope in the case of the chinook is in three or four years we’ll see a good return off the fish that spawned.”

Fishing in the Elwha River and its tributaries is closed until June 1, 2019. Fishing in the river has been closed since 2011 to protect depleted native salmonid populations.

Crain said it’s too early in the restoration for the Elwha’s current runs to be compared to other rivers in the region, but it’s believed the Elwha runs one day will exceed those in nearby rivers.

Fish are monitored

As fish populations return to one of the most heavily-monitored watersheds in the state, Crain said crews use a number of different strategies to track how many fish are entering the river, their behavior in the river and the number of fish heading out to sea.

Geffre is often in the field tracking their behavior in the Elwha River and frequently uses telemetry receivers to track the locations of tagged fish. He travels to several fixed sites each week to download information from receivers in the field.

While traveling to each site, he carries a mobile receiver to track the locations of fish in real-time. If he hears a “chirp” over the radio, he knows there’s a fish within about one-third of a mile.

When there’s a hit, the receiver shows information about a specific fish that was tagged and Geffre records its location.

On July 31, he recorded the first chinook of this year making it over the former Elwha Dam site.

About once a month, Geffre takes a Rite Brothers Aviation plane to track fish in the uppermost parts of the river. Using aerial telemetry the park has found that bull trout have been the ones to use the headwaters more than any other species since the project began, Geffre said.

“They have been the champion of this project,” he said. “They have given us the most information, I would say, on spacial distribution.”

Telemetry is just one of the strategies.

Others include SONAR surveys to document the number of returning adult chinook salmon and steelhead trout, smolt trapping to determine the number of juvenile fish that are going to sea, snorkel and redd surveys to assess distribution of juvenile and adult fish, DNA sampling to assess distribution, biological sampling to determine contribution of hatchery and natural origin fish and monitoring of key habitat indicators.

Monitoring ecosystem recovery in the Elwha is a cooperative effort by Olympic National Park, Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.

“This work — the monitoring and tracking — is really a unique collaborative effort,” Crain said. “One agency wouldn’t have been able to pull off all this.”

According to the Environmental Impact Statement for the dam removal, once the fisheries are restored the river could see more than 31,000 chinook per year, more than 34,000 coho per year and more than 10,000 steelhead per year.

It was predicted nearly 275,000 pink salmon would be produced in the Elwha River annually.

Crain said timelines and population peaks identified in the EIS for restoration are within reach. When the fish runs hit those numbers is when scientists will know the restoration is complete, Crain said.

“Then we will have done the job,” he said. “Everything is to the point where the river is taking care of itself.”

________

Reporter Jesse Major can be reached at 360-452-2345, ext. 56250, or at jmajor@peninsuladailynews.com.

The Elwha River rushes through Glines Canyon, a site that had been difficult for fish to navigate past until officials blasted boulders that blocked the river. (Jesse Major/Peninsula Daily News)

The Elwha River rushes through Glines Canyon, a site that had been difficult for fish to navigate past until officials blasted boulders that blocked the river. (Jesse Major/Peninsula Daily News)

Olympic National Park fisheries technician Josh Geffre downloads fish tracking data from one of several fixed sites on the Elwha River on July 31. (Jesse Major/Peninsula Daily News)

Olympic National Park fisheries technician Josh Geffre downloads fish tracking data from one of several fixed sites on the Elwha River on July 31. (Jesse Major/Peninsula Daily News)

John Chao/National Park Service (top); Jesse Major/Peninsula Daily News (above)                                Josh Geffre, at top, a fisheries technician for Olympic National Park, holds a chinook salmon from the Elwha River. Above, the river rushes through Glines Canyon, a site that had been difficult for fish to navigate past until crews blasted boulders that blocked it.

John Chao/National Park Service (top); Jesse Major/Peninsula Daily News (above) Josh Geffre, at top, a fisheries technician for Olympic National Park, holds a chinook salmon from the Elwha River. Above, the river rushes through Glines Canyon, a site that had been difficult for fish to navigate past until crews blasted boulders that blocked it.

More in News

Heath Wade, 5, leads the goat parade to open the 37th annual Port Townsend Farmers Market on Saturday in the uptown neighborhood. Behind are goat wranglers Lindsey Kotzebue and Amber Langley of Port Townsend. (Steve Mullensky/for Peninsula Daily News)
Market opens

Heath Wade, 5, leads the goat parade to open the 37th annual… Continue reading

Kelly Kidwell, a local business owner and property developer, is purchasing Rite Bros. with the intention of building a long-term sustainable business that will expand aviation access in the area. Citizen Air, based at William R. Fairchild International Airport, will offer charter flights and fractional aircraft ownership. The possibility of scheduled flights could be in the distant future. Kidwell is shown with his Poodle-Bernese mountain dog, Porter. (Paula Hunt/Peninsula Daily News)
Citizen Air aims to expand access

New Rite Bros. owner planning for growth

Health officer: Disease numbers low, but cuts affecting programs

Additional measles case located in Washington state

Customers check out at The Pine and Eight, a local goods-only grocery store co-owned by SisterLand Farms and Northwest Beach Work. This store, which recently opened at 511 W. Eighth St. in Port Angeles, is an experiment testing out the viability of a farmer- and artisan-owned store selling Washington-only products. (Eli Smith)
Farmer-focused grocery store opens in Port Angeles

Business prioritizing local products, relationships

Garage destroyed in Lower Elwha structure fire

A weekend structure fire resulted in the total loss… Continue reading

Ground-breaking ceremony for new school set Saturday

The Port Angeles School District will break ground for… Continue reading

A portion of the crowd at the Hands Off rally, which started at the intersection of Laurel and First Street. An estimated 800 to 1,000 people attended in Port Angeles. (Dave Logan/For Peninsula Daily News)
Hands Off! protests on Peninsula

A portion of the crowd at the Hands Off rally, which started… Continue reading

Kathy Cruz/Olympic Peninsula News Group
Susan Fisch, standing, chair of the Clallam County Charter Review Commission, addresses a crowd of residents who packed the meeting room at KSQM FM (91.5) last month for the first of several town hall events. Speakers were allowed up to three minutes to share their views about issues related to the charter that they consider most important.
Charter meeting draws crowd

Open house set tonight in Joyce

Weekly flight operations scheduled

There will be field carrier landing practice operations for aircraft… Continue reading

Margo Karler of Port Townsend looks up at the plaster covers protecting a tusk that was found by hikers on the beach near the Point Wilson lighthouse in March. (Steve Mullensky/for Peninsula Daily News)
Fossil found in sandstone bluff at Fort Worden

State Parks, Burke museum developing plan for preservation